Australian Opals - A Buyer's Guide

Opals, with their mesmerizing play of colours, are among the most unique and captivating gemstones in the world. Australia, known as the "Opal Capital of the World," produces some of the finest opals, making them a sought-after choice for jewellery enthusiasts and collectors. In this comprehensive buyer's guide, we'll delve into the world of Australian opals, covering everything you need to know before making a purchase.

Understanding Australian Opals

Australian opals are renowned for their kaleidoscope of colours that seem to dance and shift as light hits the stone. This phenomenon, known as "play-of-colour," is what sets opals apart from other gemstones. The opal's play-of-colour is a result of the diffraction and interference of light within tiny silica spheres found in the stone's structure.

Opals are classified into several categories based on their play-of-colour, body tone, and transparency. The main types are Black Opals, White Opals, Crystal Opals, Boulder Opals, and Matrix Opals. Black Opals, characterized by their dark body tone and vibrant play-of-colour, are the most valuable and prized. White Opals have a light body tone and pastel play-of-colour, while Crystal Opals are transparent or semi-transparent with vivid colours. Boulder Opals are often found attached to ironstone and display a mix of colours, and Matrix Opals have a play-of-colour within the host rock.

The Mining of Opals in Australia

Opal mining in Australia is a significant industry that revolves around the extraction of opal gemstones from the Earth's crust. Australia is known for its opal production, and the country produces over 95% of the world's opal supply. The opal mining process involves unique methods due to the nature of opal deposits and the remote locations where they are often found.

There are several types of opal found in Australia, including black opal, white opal, crystal opal, boulder opal, and matrix opal. Each type has different characteristics and values. Opal deposits are found in specific regions of Australia, mainly in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, and the Northern Territory. These regions are referred to as "opal fields”. In regions where opal deposits are deeper underground, miners create tunnels and shafts to access the opal-bearing strata. This method requires more advanced equipment and techniques.

Opal miners use various tools and equipment, such as jackhammers, tunneling machines, bulldozers, and even hand tools like picks and shovels. Miners often work in confined and challenging conditions, especially in underground mines. Opal mining can be physically demanding and risky due to the unstable nature of the underground environment. There is a risk of collapses, flooding, and other hazards. Miners need to be skilled and cautious to ensure their safety.

Opal mining has led to the development of unique communities in remote areas. These communities are often self-sufficient and rely on a mix of mining, tourism, and trade. Opal mining is regulated by state and territory governments. Miners need to obtain permits or licenses to operate legally, and these regulations help ensure environmental protection and safe mining practices.

Many opal mining areas also attract tourists interested in learning about opal mining and purchasing opal jewelry or rough opal. Towns like Coober Pedy and Lightning Ridge have become popular tourist destinations.

Factors Affecting Opal Value

Several factors influence the value of Australian opals, making it crucial to understand what to look for when making a purchase. The play-of-colour is the primary factor, with intensity, distribution, and range of colours affecting the stone's value. Stones with a full spectrum of vibrant colours are generally more valuable.

Body tone refers to the background colour of the opal, which can range from black to white. Black Opals with a dark body tone tend to display play-of-colour more vividly, making them highly prized. Clarity, or lack of visible inclusions, also affects value. Inclusions can interfere with the play-of-colour and overall appearance of the stone. Size and shape play a role as well; larger opals with unique shapes can command higher prices.

Evaluating Opal Quality

When evaluating the quality of an Australian opal, it's important to consider several aspects beyond its appearance. Check for any cracks, chips, or fractures on the surface, as these can compromise the stone's durability and value. Opals are relatively soft compared to other gemstones, so they require proper care to avoid damage.

Pay attention to the opal's origin, as certain regions in Australia are known for producing opals of higher quality and value. Lightning Ridge and Coober Pedy are two of the most famous opal-producing areas. Additionally, inquire about the opal's treatment history. Some opals undergo treatments like impregnation with oil or resin to enhance their appearance, and this information should be disclosed by the seller.

Opal Jewellery and Settings

Australian opals make stunning centrepieces for various types of jewellery, from rings and necklaces to earrings and bracelets. When choosing opal jewellery, consider the design and setting. Opals are relatively delicate, so protective settings like bezel settings can help shield the stone from accidental impact. Be cautious with prong settings, as they can expose the opal to potential damage.

Opals are best appreciated when they are worn regularly, as the natural oils from the skin can help maintain their lustre. However, they should be stored away from other jewellery to prevent scratching. When cleaning opal jewellery, use a soft, damp cloth and avoid harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners.

Buying with Confidence

To buy Australian opals with confidence, it's recommended to purchase from reputable and established dealers. Look for certifications from gemological laboratories that verify the authenticity and quality of the opal. Ask for a detailed description of the opal's characteristics, including its type, play-of-color, origin, and any treatments it has undergone.

Before finalizing your purchase, inquire about the dealer's return policy and warranty. Opals can vary widely in appearance, and it's important to have the option to return the stone if it doesn't meet your expectations. Educate yourself about opals by reading books, attending gem shows, and seeking advice from experienced collectors or jewellers.

In conclusion, Australian opals are a captivating choice for jewelry enthusiasts and collectors alike. Their unique play-of-colour, coupled with their rich history and significance, make them a timeless addition to any collection. By understanding the factors that influence opal value, evaluating quality, and making informed purchasing decisions, you can embark on a journey to own a piece of Australia's natural opal treasure.